불교 용어 영문 및 범어

불교의 주요 단어 영문 및 범어

- 가 -

교무: catechist

교무스님: catechist

교수 아사리: ordination catechist

가사(袈裟) :robe

간경(看經) : textual study.

간화선(看話禪) : Koan meditation.

갈마 아사리: confessor, procedual specialist

강백: lecturer

강원(講院) : lecture hall

객실(客室):  guest room

(객진)번뇌(客塵煩惱) : defilement

거사(居士) : male devotee

겁(劫) : aeon, kalpa

결가부좌(結跏趺坐) : lotus posture

결제: retreat

결집(結集) : council

경(經) : Sutra. Buddhist scriptures. Buddhist canon.

경장(經藏) : sutra pitaka

계(戒) : precept, sila

계(界) : realm. world

계단: ordination platform

고(苦) : suffering

고승(高僧) : A illustrious monk

고제(苦諦) : The noble truth of suffering

고행(苦行) : ascetic practice

공(空) : emptiness

공덕(功德) : merit

공안(公案) : koan/ kongan

공양(供養) : offering

공양의식: offering ceremony

과거칠불(過去七佛) : seven Buddhas of the past

과보(果報)/업보 : karmic result

관세음보살(觀世音菩薩) : Avalokitesvara, Bodhisattva of compassion

관음전(觀音殿) : hall of the Bodhisattva of compassion

교(敎) : The doctrinal teaching

교리(敎理) : doctrine

교종(敎宗) : The doctrinal School

구경각(究竟覺) : final awakening

구산(九山) : nine mountains

국보(國寶) : national treasure

국사(國師) : national preceptor. national master.

극락(極樂) : pure land of Amitabha

극락전(極樂殿) : Amitabha hall

금강경(金剛經) : Diamond sutra

금당(金堂) : Buddha Hall

금동(金銅) : gilt-bronze

깨달음 : Awakening The Enlightenment

- 나 -

나찰(羅刹) : evil ghost

나한(羅漢) : Arahat, Attained One

나한전(羅漢殿) : Hall of the Arahat

논(論) : canon, Abhidharma

논장(論藏) : canon pitaka Abhidharma pitaka

농감스님 : farmer monk

- 다 -

도감 : provost

다도(茶道) : tea ceremony.

다포 : multiple brackets

다라니(陀羅尼) : dharani

단경(壇經) : The platform sutra

단주(短珠) : beads/ rosary

단청(丹靑) : cosmic design/ Red and blue

달마대사(達磨大師) : Bodhidharma.

닫집 : canopy.

당간(幢竿) : A flag pole

당간지주(幢竿支柱) : flag pole supporter

대세지보살(大勢至菩薩) : Bodhisattva of power/ Mahastamparapta

대승불교(大乘佛敎) : The great vehicle, Mahayana Buddhism

대웅전(大雄殿) : dharma hall. Buddha hall

대장경(大藏經) : tripitaka

대중울력 : group work

덕(德) : virtue

도(道) : The way. leading to the cessation of suffering

독성(獨聖) : hermit sage/recluse

독성각(獨聖閣) : hall of the hermit sage

돈법(頓法) : The doctrine of sudden awakening

돈오(頓悟) : sudden awakening

돈오돈수(頓悟頓修) : sudden awakening-sudden cultivation

돈오점수(頓悟漸修) : sudden awakening-gradual cultivation

동안거(冬安居) : winter retreat season.

등(燈) : lantern

- 마 -

만다라(蔓茶羅) : mandala.

만자(卍字) : The Swastika (the symbol of good fortune)

마지 : rice offering to the Buddha

망상(妄想) : delusions

멸(滅) : cessation

명등스님 : lamplighter

명부전(冥府殿) : hall of judgement of the dead

명색(名色) : name and formation

목어(木魚) : wooden fish

목탁(木鐸) : Moktak/ wooden clacker. hallow wood block.

무명(無明) : ignorance

무상(無常) : impermanent

무색계(無色界) : formless world

무심(無心) : no-mind

무아(無我) : no-self

묵언(黙言) : holy silence, no speaking

문수보살(文殊菩薩) : Manjusuri, Bodhisattva of Wisdom

문자(文字) : words

미륵(彌勒) : Maitreya. The Buddha of the future.

밀교(密敎) : Esoteric Buddhism, Vajrayana.

- 바 -

바라밀(婆羅蜜) : perfection, paramita

바랑 : Barang/backpack.

반가부좌(半跏趺坐) : half lotus posture

반야(般若) : wisdom

반야심경(般若心經) : The Heart Sutra.

발우(鉢盂) : wooden bowls.

발우공양(鉢盂供養) : formal meal.

방부: formal introduction

방생(放生) : release of living beings/ animal-outing

방장(方丈) : zen master

방장스님 : Son Master

방편 : skillful means

백장청규 : Pure Rules of Pai-Chang

번뇌(煩惱) : defilements.

법(法) : Dharma

법고(法鼓) : temple drum, dharma drum

법구(法具) : Dharma instrument.

법당(法堂) : Buddha hall, Dharma hall

법당 : shrine hall

법랍 : seniority

법랍순서 : seniority order

법랍이 가장 오래된 승려 : seniormost monk

법맥(法脈) : Dharma lineage

법명(法名) : Dharma name

법문(法門) : Dharma talk

법성(法性) : Buddha's nature. nature of beings

법신(法身) : dharma body. nature of Buddha's mind. truth.

법호 : Dharma-protector

법화경(法華經) : Lotus Sutra

벽화(壁畵) : wall painting

별채 : separate compound

보리(菩提) : Enlightenment

보리수(菩提樹) : bodhi tree

보리심(菩提心) : the thought of Enlightenment

보살(菩薩) : bodhisattva

보살계 : Bodhisattva-precepts

보시(布施) : generosity/ charity/ giving

보신(報身) : reward body

보현보살(普賢菩薩) : bodhisattva of compassion

본사(本寺) : head temple.

본성(本性) : one's original nature

부도(浮屠) : stupa/pagoda

분별(分別) : discrimination

분신 : self-imolation

불(佛) : Buddha. The Enlightened One.

불공(佛供) : offering

불교교단(佛敎敎團) : sangha.

불교의식(佛敎儀式) : Buddhist ritual

불교종단(佛敎宗團) : Buddhist Order

불교학(佛敎學) : Buddhist Studies. study of Buddhism

불기(佛紀) : Buddhist Era(B.E.)

불보사찰 : Buddha-jewel monastery

불상(佛像) : Buddha statue/ Buddha image

불성(佛性) : Buddha nature

불이문(不二門) : Gate of non-duality.

불전함(佛錢函) : donation box

불제자(佛弟子) : disciples of the Buddha

불탄일(佛誕日) : Buddha's birthday.

비구(比丘) : monk. Bhikku

비구계 수계식 : full ordination

비구니(比丘尼) : nun. Bhikkuni.

비로자나불(毘盧　那佛) : Viroccana. the cosmic Buddha

비석(碑石) : stela/ memorial stone

비유(比喩) : parables.

- 사 -

사(寺) : temple. monastery

사구(死句) : dead phrase

사경(寫經) : copying Sutra

사대(四大) : The four elements --->  earth, water, fire, wind.

사리(舍利) : relics/ ashes

사리불(舍利佛) : Sariputra

사리탑(舍利塔) : relics stupa

사무량심(四無量心) : The four immeasurables.

        1)loving-kindness  2)compassion  3)sympathetic joy  4)equanimity.

사미(沙彌) : novice

사미계 : novice precepts

사미승 : prospective ordinand

사미율의 : the Sramanera Rules and Decorum

사성제(四聖諦) : The Four Noble Truth

        1) suffering,  2) cause of suffering,  3) cessation,  4) the path of cessation

사천왕 : four heavenly kings/supernal Dharma-protector

사천왕문(四天王門) : gate of the four Heavenly Kings (Four Guardians)

사판승 : monk on the support staff of the monastery/ support monk

사홍서원(四弘誓願) : Four Great Vows

         1) I vow to save all beings.

         2) I vow to end all sufferings.

         3) I vow to learn all dharma teachings.

         4) I vow to attain Enlightenment.

산신각(山神閣) : mountain spirit shrine

삼귀의(三歸依) : The Three Refuges.

        1) I take refuge in the Buddha

        2) I take refuge in the Dharma

        3) I take refuge in the Sangha.

삼계(三界) : three realms.

        1) realm of desire   2) realm of form   3) realm of formlessness

삼독(三毒) : three poisons.
        1) greed, craving    2) hatred, anger   3) delusion, ignorance

삼배(三拜) : three prostrations.

삼보(三寶) : three jewels.    1) Buddha   2) Dharma   3) Sangha

삼보사찰(三寶寺刹) : the three jewel monasteries.

       1) The Buddha jewel monastery : Tongdosa.

       2) The Dharma jewel monastery : Haeinsa.

       3) The Sangha jewel monastery : Songgwangsa.

삼법인(三法印) : Three Dharma Seals/ The Three Marks(Attributes/ Characteristics) of Existence.

       1) impermanence   2) suffering    3) no-self

삼세(三世) : three time period,    1) past   2) present   3) future.

삼장(三藏) : three pitaka.   1) vinaya   2) sutra   3) Abhidharma.

삼직 : three duties

삼악도(三惡道) : three evil worlds(realms, destinies)

            1) hell     2) hungry ghost    3) animal

상(相) : characteristic

색(色) : formation

생(生) : birth

생로병사(生老病死) : birth, old age, sickness and death.

석가모니(釋迦牟尼) : Sakyamuni.

서방정토(西方淨土) : The Western Pure Land.

석굴(石窟) : stone cave.

석등(石燈) : stone lantern.

석불(石佛) : stone Buddha statue.

선(禪) : Zen

선가(禪家) : The Zen school.

선덕 : meditative virtue

선문답(禪門答) : Zen dialogue.

선방(禪房) : Zen hall. Meditation hall.

선불교(禪佛敎) : Zen Buddhism.

선사(禪師) : Zen master.

선사제 : commemorative service for the previous meditation master of the monastery

선승 : Zen monk

선열당 : meal room / reflectory

선원 : meditation compound

선원(禪院) : Zen center, meditation hall.

설법전(說法殿) : teaching hall.

성불(成佛)하세요! : May you be Enlightened!

성지순례(聖地巡禮) : the pilgrimage.

세간(世間) : world

소승불교(小乘佛敎) : Theravada Buddhism

수(受) : feeling

수계(受戒) : ordination.

수인(手印) : mudra.

수행(修行) : practice. cultivation.

스님(僧) : monk. venerable.

승가(僧家) : Sangha.

시왕(十王) : Ten Kings.

시왕전(十王殿) : The Ten Kings Hall.

시자 : acolyte

식(識) : consciousness.

신구의(身口意) : body, speech, mind.

신도(信徒) : lay people.

신도 : lay supporter

신심(信心) : The faith.

심(心) : mind.

십선(十善) : The ten wholesome actions.

      No killing.  No stealing.  No adultery.  No lying.  No slandering.

      No hash speaking.  No idle talking.  No greed.  No hatred.  No delusion.

십우도(十牛圖) : The Ten Ox-herding painting

12연기(緣起):  Dependent Origination.

18계(界) : The Eighteen Realms.

- 아 -

아귀(餓鬼) : hungry ghost.

아미타불(阿彌陀佛) : Amitabha.

아수라(阿修羅) : Asura. fighting god.

아승지겁(阿僧紙劫) : countless aeon.

안거(安居) : retreat.

암자(庵子) : Hermitage.

약사불(藥師佛) : The Medicine Buddha.

업(業) : Karma. action

여래(如來) : Tathagata. The Buddha.

연기설(緣起說) : The theory of dependent origination.

연등(蓮燈) : lotus lantern.

연비 : burning of the arm

연지 : finger burning

열반(涅槃) : Nirvana

염불(念佛) : chanting. reciting.

염주(念珠) : prayer beads. Buddhist rosary.

예불(禮佛) : A Buddhist service. Buddhist ceremony.

예불 : daily service

오계(五戒) : The Five Precepts.

       1)No killing.   2)No stealing.   3)No sexual misconduct.  4)No lie.  5)No intoxicants.

오도송(悟道頌) : Enlightenment poem.

오온(五蘊) : The five aggregates.

   1) name and formation.  2) feeling.

   3) perception.   4) action.   5) consciousness.

와불(臥佛) : Reclining Buddha.

왕생(往生) : transmigration. reborn.

요사(療舍) : Monk's living quarters.

요사채 : dormitory

요령 : handbell.

욕(慾) : desire. thirst.

욕계(欲界) : the world of desire.

욕불식 : Bathing the baby Buddha ceremony

용(龍) : a dragon.

용왕(龍王) : The Dragon King.

운판(雲版) : cloud shaped gong.

운수행각 : pilgrimage

원(願) 원력(願力) : aspiration. power of vow.

원주스님 : proctor

유나 : rector

유식(唯識) : consciousness only.

육도(六道) : The six realms.

       1) hell beings  2) hungry ghost  3) animals

       4) fighting spirits-asuras  5) human beings  6) heavenly beings

육도윤회(六道輪廻) : The six samsaric destinies.

육바라밀(六婆羅蜜) : six perfections.

(generosity. morality. patience. energy. meditation. wisdom)

윤회(輪廻) : samsara. cycle of rebirth.

율(律) : vinaya. orders.

율사(律師) : vinaya master.

율장(律藏) : vinaya pitaka.

은사 : vocation master

응진각(應眞閣) : hall of the Arahat.

"이 뭣고?"  :  What is it?  Who am I ?

이기심(利己心) : selfish thoughts.

인(因) : cause. reason.

인가(認可) : recognition.

인과(因果) : cause and effect.

인연(因緣) : karmic affinity/ causes and conditions

인욕(忍辱) : patience.

일심(一心) : One Mind.

일여(一如) : non-duality.

일주문(一柱門) : one pillar gate/ single beam gate

입승 : succentor

- 자 -

자리이타(自利利他) : by benefitting oneself, one benefits others.

자비(慈悲) : compassion.

자성(自性) : self nature.

자성청정(自性淸淨) : the original purity of one's self nature.

장경각(藏經閣) : the monastery library.

장군죽비 : huge warning stick

장로(長老) : Elder.

장삼(長衫) : ceremonial robe. formal robe.

장엄(莊嚴) : solemnity. sublimity.

장자불와 : never lying down to sleep

재무 : treasurer

적멸보궁(寂滅寶宮) : Temple that keeps Buddha's reliquary.

전각 : shrine hall

전계 아사리 : preceptor

(전)등록 : lamp anthologies (Chen-lu)

전법(傳法) : transmission.

전생설화(前生說話) : The Jataka tales

절 : bow. prostration.

정(定) : samadhi. concentration.

정견(正見) : right understanding / view

정념(正念) : right mindfulness.

정명(正命) : right livelihood.

정사(正思) : right thought.

정어(正語) : right speech.

정업(正業) : right action.

정정(正定) : right concentration.

정정진(正精進) : right effort.

제석(帝釋) : the king of the Heaven.

조계종(曹溪宗) : Chogye Order.

조사(祖師) : patriarch.

조사당(祖師堂) : the hall of patriarchs.

조실 : guiding teacher

종각(鐘閣) : bell tower

종고루 : Bell and drum tower

종무소(宗務所) : temple office.

종무소 : office

종정(宗正) : supreme patriarch.

좌복 : cushion. seat.

좌선(坐禪) : sitting meditation.

주지(主旨) : abbot.

죽비(竹篦) : Chukbi/ bamboo clapper.

중강 : assistant

중도(中道) : middle path.

중음(中陰) : intermediate stage/ state.

증사 : witness

지옥(地獄) : hell.

지장보살(地藏菩薩) : Ksitigarbha, Earth Store Bodhisattva.

지장전(地藏殿) : Ksitigarbha hall. Hall of the hell.

지전 스님 : verger

지혜(智慧) : wisdom.

직세 스님 : proctor

집착(執着) : attachment.

- 차 -

찰나(刹那) : an instant.

참선(參禪) : Zen meditation

천상천하 유아독존 : In heaven and on earth, I alone am foremost.

천태종(天台宗) : T'ient'ai sect.

청신남(淸信男) : a male Buddhist.

청신녀(淸信女) : a female Buddhist.

청중 : disciplinarian

초발심자경문 : Admonitions to Beginners

촉(觸) : touch. contact.

촛대 : candle holder

총림(叢林) : monastic teaching center.

총무 : prior

총무원(總務院) : Headquarters of the Order.

축원 : supplication

축원을 하다 : chant a supplication,   recite a (special) prayer

출가(出家) : renunciation.

취(取) : grasp.

치(恥) : ignorance/ delusion

치문경훈 : the Adminitions to the Gray-robed Monks

칠보(七寶) : the seven precious gems.

칠성각(七星閣) : shrine hall of the Seven stars(Big Dipper)

- 타 -

탐(貪) : greed.

탑(塔) : stupa. pagoda.

탱화(幀畵) : Buddhist wall painting.

- 파 -

파계(破戒) : breaking the precepts.

팔고(八苦) : eight sufferings.

       (Suffering of birth, old age, sickness, death,

       being apart with the loved ones, together with the despised ones,

       not getting what want, flourishing of the body.)

팔상도(八相圖) : pictures of the eight main events of the Buddha's life.

팔만대장경(八萬大藏經) : Tipitaka Koreana.

팔상전(八相殿) : hall of eight pictures

팔정도(八正道) : Noble Eightfold Path.

      (right view, right thought, right speech, right action,

       right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness, right concentration.)

포교(布敎) : preaching, propagation.

포교당(布敎堂) : Buddhist center/ missionary center

포살(布薩) : confession

피안(彼岸) : nirvana/ other shore

풍경(風磬) : wind bell.

풍수지리(風水地理) : geomancy.

- 하 -

하심(下心) : humble minded.

하안거(夏安居) : summer retreat season.

합장(合掌) : palms together

항하(恒河) : the Ganges river in India.

해우소 : toilet

해인도 : ocean-seal chart

해제 기간 : free season

해탈문(解脫門) : gate of the Liberation

행(行) : karma. action.

행자(行者) : postulant

행정승: office monks

행주좌와(行住坐臥) walking, standing, sitting, lying.

향로(香爐) incense burner.

향로: incense holder

헌향(獻香) : offering an incense.

현교(顯敎) : Exoteric Buddhism

혜안(慧眼) : the eye of wisdom.

호국불교(護國佛敎) : Buddhism for national protection.

호법장군 : dharma-general

화(化) : transformation.

화두 : critical phrase

화신(化身) : transformed body.

화엄경(華嚴經) : Flower Garland Sutra.

환속(還俗) : returning to lay life. secession from the order

환속하다 : secede from the order

후불탱화(後佛幀畵) : main platform painting.

후원 : reflectory

삼법인(三法印) : The Three Seals of Existence

제행무상(諸行無常)	All compounded things are impermanent
제법무아(諸法無我)	All Dharmas are without self-nature
일체개고(一切皆苦)	All things are suffering

열반적정(涅槃寂靜) – Nirvana is perfect stillness  <사법인(四法印) The Four Seals of Existence>

삼보 (三寶) : Three Treasures of Buddhism

佛寶	The Treasure of Buddha
法寶	The Treasure of Dharma
僧寶	The Treasure of Sangha

삼승(三乘) 불교 분류 : The Divisions of Buddhism

소승불교(小乘佛敎)	Hinayana  Buddhism
대승불교(大乘佛敎)	Mahayana  Buddhism
선불교 (禪佛敎)	Zen  Buddhism

삼악도 (三惡道) : Three Ways of Bad Samsara

★    지옥 (Hell),   아귀 (Demons, Hungry ghosts),   축생 (Animals)

삼학 (三學) : Three Kinds of Practice

계학(戒學)	Precepts  ( Sila )
정학(政學)	Meditation   ( Samadhi )
혜학(慧學)	Wisdom   ( Prajna )

성문 사과 (聲聞 四果) : 소승불교에서 수행자들이 얻는 네가지 과보

수다원과(須陀洹果)	入流  (Streamwinner)
사다함과(斯陀含果)	一往來  (Once Returner)
아나함과(阿那含果)	不來  (Never Returner)
아라한과(阿羅漢果)	해탈경지  (Arhat)

아뇩다라삼막삼보리(阿耨多羅三藐三菩提) : 산스크리트어 anuttara-samyak-sambodhi

 오온 (五蘊) : 불교에서 보는 인간의 구성 모습  (蘊=쌓임, 무더기, 덩어리)

색온(色蘊)	물질의 무더기  --- >  물질의 형체	Form
수온(受蘊)	느낌의 무더기  --- >  감각작용	Feeling
상온(想蘊)	표상의 무더기  --- >  사고작용	Perception
행온(行蘊)	의지, 행동의 무더기  --- >  의지작용	Action
식온(識蘊)	의식의 무더기  --- >  인식작용	Consciousness